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In the quarry sector, the reduction of landfill material may be obtained not only by finding a suitable recovery of the material as a by-product, but also by identifying the best available cutting technique to be used on the basis of the physical, chemical, and mechanical characteristics of the stones. Overall, incorporating up to 10 wt.% with OSW led to pastes with comparable fresh and hardened properties as comported to plain OPC paste. Finally, OSW incorporation progressively reduced the CO2 emission per m3 of OPC paste, reaching a 31% reduction for the highest 30 wt.% OSW content. Water absorption results agreed with the 28 days compressive strength results, indicating that OSW increased the volume of permeable voids. The incorporation of OSW reduced the 1-, 3-, and 28-days compressive strength of the pastes. OSW slightly enhanced the hydration kinetics compared to plain OPC, increasing the main heat flow peak and 90-h cumulative heat values. The results showed that the paste with 10 wt.% of OSW exhibited similar yield stress compared to the plain OPC paste, while pastes with 20 and 30 wt.% displayed reduced yield stresses up to 15%. The CO2 equivalent emissions related to the pastes production were estimated for each composition.
Thus, pastes with 0–30 wt.% ornamental stone waste (OSW) incorporated into ordinary Portland cement (OPC) were produced and their rheological properties, hydration kinetics, and mechanical properties were evaluated. The ornamental stone industry generates large amounts of waste thus creating environmental and human health hazards. X-ray diffractometer analyses of the efflorescence revealed the presence of numerous salts whose formation can be imputed to multiple, possibly concomitant, causes such as the high relative humidity and the variation of inside temperature, the presence of concrete and/or cementitious mortars in the subsoil, atmospheric pollution and the burial ground existing close the baptistery. The studied rock displays numerous forms of decay including fractures, loss of material, erosion, discolouration and efflorescence. In this paper, we report the results of a study carried out on the serpentinite from the pavement of the Florence baptistery, to properly characterize it from a physical point of view, describe the rock conservation state, and understand the phenomena responsible for its decay. “Verde di Prato” is the most common local name used in Tuscany to refer to this type of rock, historically quarried in this area and used for many centuries in a large number of monuments of this region. Mainly because of its aesthetic characteristics it has been widely used as a building and ornamental stone. Serpentinite is a low-grade metamorphic rock derived from the transformation of ultramafic rocks.
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